Report
to/Rapport au :
Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee
Comité consultatif sur la
conservation de l'architecture locale
and /
et
Planning
and Environment Committee
Comité de l'urbanisme et de
l'environnement
and Council / et au Conseil
20 August 2008 / le 20 août 2008
Submitted by/Soumis par : Nancy Schepers, Deputy City Manager/Directrice
municipale adjointe,
Planning, Transit and the Environment/Urbanisme,
Transport en commun et Environnement
Contact
Person/Personne Ressource : Grant Lindsay, Manager/Gestionnaire,
Development Approvals/Approbation des demandes d'aménagement, Planning
Branch/Direction de l’urbanisme
(613)
580-2424, 13242 Grant.Lindsay@ottawa.ca
REPORT RECOMMENDATIONS
That the Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee recommend
that Planning and Environment Committee recommend that Council:
1.
Approve the
designation of the Mayfair Theatre, 1074 Bank Street under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act in accordance with
the Statement of Cultural Heritage Value, attached as Document 4.
2.
Approve the
inclusion of the Mayfair Theatre, 1074 Bank Street, on the City of Ottawa
heritage register.
RECOMMANDATION DU RAPPORT
Que le Comité consultatif
sur la conservation de l’architecture locale recommande au Comité de
l’urbanisme et de l’environnement de recommander à son tour au Conseil municipal :
1.
d’approuver
la désignation du cinéma Mayfair, situé au 1074, rue Bank, aux termes de la
partie IV de la Loi sur le patrimoine de
l’Ontario, conformément à l’énoncé des raisons motivant la désignation de
biens ayant une valeur sur le plan du patrimoine culturel, qui font l’objet du
document 4 ci-annexé.
2.
d’approuver l’inclusion du cinéma Mayfair,
situé au 1074, rue Bank, dans le registre du patrimoine de la Ville d’Ottawa.
BACKGROUND
In July 2008, local citizens submitted a request to the Department to have the Mayfair Theatre designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act for its cultural heritage value. In July 2008, the property owner was notified of this request and informed that he would be notified when a report was scheduled to be presented to the Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee (LACAC).
DISCUSSION
Recommendation 1
Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act gives municipalities the authority to designate properties of cultural heritage value. In order to be designated, the City’s LACAC considers the designation and makes a recommendation to Planning and Environment Committee and City Council. The Act requires that a statement of the property’s cultural heritage value or interest, including its heritage attributes, be prepared and published in a local newspaper. The Official Plan states that, “Individual buildings, structures and cultural heritage landscapes will be designated as properties of cultural heritage value under Part IV of the Heritage Act.”
Research conducted by staff confirmed that the Mayfair Theatre has cultural heritage value and is worthy of protection under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act. Ontario Regulation 09/06 outlines the criteria for determining cultural heritage value or interest (see Document 2).
The Mayfair Theatre was designed and built in 1932 as the second Spanish Revival style atmospheric cinema in the city. During the heyday of the new “talking picture” theatres, strong competition with movie palaces encouraged new independent theatres to differentiate themselves as true neighbourhood cinemas.
The Mayfair Theatre’s “atmospheric” auditorium reflects the theatre’s desire to highlight itself as a neighbourhood theatre. Enclosed in a simple brick exterior that harmonizes with the residential neighbourhood, the auditorium today still features much of its original Spanish Revival-influenced design elements. It features a light blue painted ceiling with ornate stone facades and faux balconies along the side walls which give the appearance of a Mediterranean plaza. Wrought ironwork, drapery and ornamental glass windows complete the effect.
The “atmospheric style” of theatre design is attributed to John Eberson (1875-1955), an Austrian-born architect, who began designing theatres in the United States in the 1920s. Eberson’s concept was based on the desire to give the theatre-goer the sensation of being transported to another time and place, to distract them from life's problems and provide them with an atmosphere of rest and beauty. Common themes included an Italian garden, Persian court, and Spanish patio.
The Mayfair Theatre meets a number of the criteria in Ontario Regulation 09/06: it is a representative example of an “atmospheric” theatre from the beginning of the 20th century and its interior displays a high degree of artistic merit. The theatre has direct associations with the early history of the Ottawa South neighbourhood and communicates the important role and evolution of neighbourhood theatres in the early 20th century. It is believed to be the work of Mr. John P. MacLaren, an Ottawa architect, who designed other noteworthy buildings in the city such as the First Church of Christ Scientist, and the West Branch Library. As the only surviving Ottawa theatre from the pre-WWII era, and the last remaining operating neighbourhood movie theatre in the city, the Mayfair Theatre is a landmark in the local neighbourhood and in the greater city as well. A heritage survey form is included as Document 3.
Recommendation 2
The Ontario Heritage Act (Section 27, 1.2) provides for the inclusion of certain properties on the heritage register that have “not been designated … but that the council of the municipality believes to be of cultural heritage value or interest.” The Department is recommending that the Mayfair Theatre be included on this list so that it is protected from demolition for 60 days during the designation process.
CONSULTATION
The Old Ottawa South Community Association, Heritage Ottawa and the Ward Councillor, Clive Doucet, are aware of the proposed designation under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act.
The Department notified the property owner in July 2008 that a designation request had been received. In August 2008, the Department informed the property owner that a report was to be considered by the LACAC on September 04, 2008.
If Council approves the recommendations in this report, a “Notice of Intention to Designate” is published in the Citizen and Le Droit in accordance with the Ontario Heritage Act. Anyone wishing to object to the proposed designation may do so within thirty days of the publication of the “Notice.” If there are objections, a Conservation Review Board hearing is scheduled to hear them and report to Council. Following the hearing Council can either uphold the designation or withdraw it. The property owner is informed by letter of this procedure.
FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS
The cost of the statutory advertising in the “Ottawa Citizen” and “Le Droit” shall be paid from the 2008 Operating budget of the Planning Branch, account number 112762-502210.
N/A
SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION
Document 1 Location Map
Document 2 Regulation 09/06
Document 3 Heritage Survey and Evaluation Form
Document 4 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value
Document 5 Additional Photographs
DISPOSITION
City Clerk’s Branch, to notify the property owner (Mr. Stephen Ng, 3201-4333 Central Boulevard, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5H 4W8) and the Ontario Heritage Trust (10 Adelaide Street, 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario, M5C 1J3) of Council’s decision to designate the Mayfair Theatre, 1074 Back Street, Ottawa under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act.
Planning, Transit and the Environment Department, Planning Branch to advertise the Notice of Intention to Designate and subsequent Notice of the passage of the designation By-law.
Planning, Transit and the Environment Department, Planning Branch to include the property on the municipal heritage register.
Legal Services Branch to prepare the designation by-law, submit it to City Council for enactment, serve the by-law, and register it on title following passage by Council.
Ontario Heritage Act
ONTARIO REGULATION 9/06
CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING CULTURAL HERITAGE
VALUE OR INTEREST
Consolidation
Period: From January 25, 2006
to the e-Laws currency date.
No amendments.
This
is the English version of a bilingual regulation.
Criteria
1. (1) The criteria set out in subsection (2) are
prescribed for the purposes of clause 29 (1) (a) of the Act. O. Reg. 9/06,
s. 1 (1).
(2) A property may be designated under section 29
of the Act if it meets one or more of the following criteria for determining
whether it is of cultural heritage value or interest:
1.
The property has design value or physical value because it,
i.
is a rare, unique, representative or early example of a style, type,
expression, material or construction method,
ii.
displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit, or
iii.
demonstrates a high degree of technical or scientific achievement.
2.
The property has historical value or associative value because it,
i.
has direct associations with a theme, event, belief, person, activity,
organization or institution that is significant to a community,
ii.
yields, or has the potential to yield, information that contributes to an
understanding of a community or culture, or
iii.
demonstrates or reflects the work or ideas of an architect, artist, builder,
designer or theorist who is significant to a community.
3.
The property has contextual value because it,
i.
is important in defining, maintaining or supporting the character of an area,
ii.
is physically, functionally, visually or historically linked to its
surroundings, or
iii.
is a landmark. O. Reg. 9/06, s. 1 (2).
HERITAGE SURVEY
AND EVALUATION FORM DOCUMENT 3
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HERITAGE SURVEY AND EVALUATION FORM
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Address |
1074 Bank
Street |
Building
name |
Mayfair
Theatre |
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Construction date |
1932 |
Original
owner |
F. W. and F.G. Robertson |
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PHASE ONE EVALUATION |
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Potential significance |
Considerable |
Some |
Limited |
None |
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Design |
3 |
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History |
3 |
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Context |
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2 |
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Phase One Score |
8/ 9 |
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Phase Two Classification |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
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Design or Physical Value |
Prepared
by: Susan Millar |
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Month/Year:
July 2008 |
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Architecture
(style, building type, expression, material, construction method) |
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A simple,
two storey, rectangular structure on a reinforced concrete frame, finished in
red brick with artificial cut stone detailing. There are no windows. A
scalloped parapet on the front façade extends above the roofline. Built in 1932, it was the second Spanish
Revival style atmospheric cinema to open along Bank Street. The interior was engineered to afford an
uninterrupted view of the screen, accomplished by using wide cross aisles
that separated the auditorium from the upper section. When completed, the cinema’s wide entrance
was flanked by two small retail spaces. The
‘atmospheric style’ of theatre design is attributed to John Eberson
(1875-1955), an Austrian-born architect, who began designing theatres in the
United States in the 1920s. He became
renowned in 1923 when he designed the world’s first ‘atmospheric theatre,’
the Holblitzelle's Majestic Theatre in Houston Texas. Often integrating other styles of
the time, Eberson’s
concept was based on the desire to create an environment of illusion for
Americans to distract them from life's problems and provide them with an
atmosphere of rest and beauty. The
style imbued the theatre goer with the sensation of being transported to
the skies, villages, and lands brought forth through murals, twinkling stars,
staircases, lanterns, and much more. Common themes
included an Italian garden, Persian court, and Spanish patio. |
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Craftsmanship/Artistic
merit |
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While the
simple exterior brickwork reflects the residential and main street character
of the surrounding area, the scalloped wall parapet hints at the dramatic
Spanish Revival style auditorium inside.
The theatre features much of the original atmospheric interior,
complete with four faux balconies, ornate stone facades, light blue
ornamental stained glass windows and medieval-style wrought ironwork.
Combined with a light blue painted ceiling, the auditorium was designed to
give the effect of watching a movie outdoors in a Mediterranean plaza. The
original clock, with lighted blue numbers, still hangs from the faux balcony
railing to the left of the screen. All the
original art decorations in the auditorium and the ladies’ bathroom are the
work of Belgian-born artist, Rene S. DeVos, of Toronto. |
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Technical/Scientific
merit |
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N/A |
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Summary |
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Despite
alterations to the storefronts, renovations to the lobby and the removal of
the original upright sign, the Mayfair Theatre maintains a high degree of
integrity, looking essentially the same as it did when it opened in 1932. |
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Sources |
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Atmospheric:
Classic Movie Theaters in the Atmospheric Style. [http://cinematreasures.org/style/5/].
2008; Hall, Ben
M. (1961). The Best Remaining Seats: The Story of the Golden Age of the
Movie Palace. New York: Clarkson N. Potter; Mayfair
Theatre Heritage Survey and Evaluation Form. City of Ottawa, 1991; Mendiola, Sister Christine. (1974). The Atmospheric Style of Theater Design. Master’s Thesis, University of Akron; Miguelez,
Alain. (2004). A Theatre Near You: A 150 Years of Going to the Show in
Ottawa -Gatineau. Penumbra Press; The
Ottawa Journal.
Saturday, December 3, 1932, p.15. |
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Historical and Associative Value |
Prepared
by: Susan Millar |
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Month/Year:
July 2008 |
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Date of
construction (factual/estimated) |
1932 |
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Themes/Events/Persons/Institutions |
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The Mayfair was built as an independently owned family business, and has remained independent from any affiliation with major theatre chains for its entire existence. Its strong neighbourhood ties helped it survive the impact of television in the 1950s and the theatre has operated continuously since its opening. Since 1981, the Mayfair has operated as a repertory cinema, changing its program almost daily. Prime
Minister Pierre Trudeau frequented the Mayfair Theatre on a regular basis
while he resided in Ottawa. |
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Community
History |
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The
Mayfair Theatre has been a landmark in Ottawa South since its construction in
1932. It has played an important role
in the history of the community and is the last remaining operating
neighbourhood movie theatre in the city. |
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Designer/Architect |
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1932 –
Believed to have been designed by Mr. John P. MacLaren*, an Ottawa
architect. MacLaren
was born in Wakefield in 1865 and was educated at the University of
Toronto. After practicing in southern
Ontario, he returned to Ottawa in 1897. His most noteworthy buildings in the
City are the First Church of Christ Scientist, and the West Branch Library,
1918. He also
designed Knox Presbyterian Church (1926) in Manotick. * Heritage File PD071-OHD4300/BANS 01074: telephone
conversation with daughter-in-law of original owner, 1991 |
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Summary |
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With its
opening in 1932, the Mayfair Theatre continued the tradition of owner-operated
theatres along Bank Street established when the Avalon Theatre was completed
in 1928. With the closing of the
Phoenix Theatre (1915) in 1991, the Mayfair became the oldest surviving movie
theatre business on Bank Street. Its
popularity as both a neighbourhood and city-wide theatre, its intended
purpose, has remained throughout its history. |
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Sources |
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City of
Ottawa. (1998). 377 Rideau Street Statement of Reason for Designation.
Schedule “B”, Bylaw 169-98; Corber,
Beryl. (1991). Mayfair Theatre Heritage Survey and Evaluation Form.
City of Ottawa; Miguelez,
Alain. (2004). A Theatre Near You: A 150 Years of Going to the Show in
Ottawa -Gatineau. Penumbra Press. |
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Contextual Value |
Prepared
by: Susan Millar |
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Month/Year:
July 2008 |
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Community
Character |
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The
Mayfair Theatre is located in Ottawa South, a residential neighbourhood of
predominantly single family homes bisected by commercial and mixed-use
development along Bank Street.
Construction began in this area in the late 1800s and today features a
variety of architectural styles, modern infill and older, predominantly
brick, residential construction. |
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Context/Links
to Surroundings |
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The
theatre is an integral part of the commercial and mixed-use buildings along
Bank Street, with two storefronts fronting on Bank Street and a simple, red
brick facade. The theatre remains an important fixture and helps to define
the neighbourhood as a distinct and vibrant community within the city. |
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Landmark |
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As the
only surviving Ottawa theatre from the pre WWII era, and the last remaining
operating neighbourhood movie theatre in the city, the Mayfair Theatre is a
landmark in the local neighbourhood and in the greater city as well. The Mayfair’s blending of traditional and
Spanish Revival styles creates a well-known example of traditional theatre
architecture in Ottawa. |
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Summary |
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The
theatre is a landmark as the last remaining operating neighbourhood movie
theatre, and stands as a reminder of the early heyday of the talking picture
theatres from the 1930s. It is also
an important fixture within the surrounding streetscape and local
neighbourhood. |
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Mayfair Theatre
1074 Bank Street
The Mayfair Theatre’s cultural heritage value lies in its Spanish Revival architectural style atmospheric auditorium, its history and its contextual importance within the City of Ottawa.
Key elements of the exterior:
Interior: