Prostate Cancer

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland just below the bladder which produces part of the fluid that carries sperm. As men get older, the prostate increases in size, which is a normal part of aging. In the majority of cases, an increase in the size of the prostate and a change in urine flow do not mean you have cancer. In some cases, a growth in the prostate is cancerous. It is possible to have prostate cancer without the prostate being enlarged, without urinary problems, and without pain.

Men more than 50 years of age should see a doctor annually to have a digital rectal exam and to discuss the benefits and risks of other tests such as the prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test.

Your risk increases with:

  • being more than 50 years old
  • having a family history
  • being of African descent
  • Warning signs:
  • Many prostate problems share the same symptoms, whether the problem is caused by the non-cancerous enlargement of the gland, a bacterial infection, or cancer.
  • frequent, difficult, or painful urination
  • dribbling urine
  • blood or pus in the urine
  • pain in the lower back, pelvic area, or upper thighs
  • painful ejaculation


Prostate Cancer Association (613-828-0762)
Prostate Cancer Research Foundation of Canada
W3002699