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Appendix B - Glossary of Technical Terms and Definitions | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA weighted decibel; dBA A nationally and internationally standardized frequency weighting applied to the sound level (measured in decibels) spectrum to approximate the sensitivity of the human hearing mechanism as a function of frequency (pitch). AADT "Annual Average Daily Traffic" is defined as the average twenty-four hour, two-way traffic for the period January 1st to December 31st. Acoustic “Shadow Zone” (and Acoustic “Bright Zone”) Acoustic “Shadow Zone” is the area behind a sound barrier with no direct line-of-sight from the receptor to the source where the sound wave may diffract (bend) around the barrier. The Acoustic “Bright Zone” is the area around a sound barrier with direct line-of-sight from the receptor to the source. Acoustic Insulation Factor (AIF) is a technical descriptor developed by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) to signify the ability of a structure or an assembly to reduce the noise from the outside to the inside of a building based on specified indoor design conditions. Acoustical Consultant is a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.), licensed by the Professional Engineers of Ontario (PEO) to practice in the Province of Ontario, with demonstrated experience in the field of acoustics and noise control as partly defined by the PEO professional practice Guidelines for Professional Engineers Providing Acoustical Engineering Geotechnical Services in Land-Use Planning. Adverse Effect means harm or material discomfort to any person; an adverse effect on the health of any person, and loss of enjoyment of normal use of property. Aesthetics in the context of this guideline document, refer to the methods of providing visual relief and appealing characteristics to planned noise barriers through the application of landscaping designs and aesthetic treatment. Airborne Sound is sound that reaches the point of interest by propagation through air. Ambient/ Background Sound Level is the all-encompassing noise associated with a given environment and comprises a composite of sounds from many sources, other than the source of interest, near and far . In the context of this document, the ambient or existing noise level is the noise level which exists at a receptor as a result of existing traffic conditions without the addition of noise generated by the proposed undertaking or the new source of noise. A-Weighted Sound Level The “A-weighted sound level” is a sound pressure level indicated by a measurement system that includes an A-weighted network. The resulting value is in decibels and commonly labeled dBA. A-Weighting is a frequency weighting intended to approximate the relative sensitivity of the normal human ear to different frequencies (pitches of sound).The specific variation of sensitivity with frequency to conform to IEC Publication 651. [ top ] CConstruction includes erection, alteration, repair, dismantling, demolition, structural maintenance, painting, moving, land clearing, earth moving, grading, excavating, the laying of pipe and conduit whether above or below ground level, street and highway building, concreting, equipment installation and alteration and the structural installation of construction components and materials in any form or for any purpose, and includes any work in connection therewith; activities associated with the operation at waste and snow disposal sites are excluded. Control Measure For planning of new noise sensitive land uses for transportation sources of noise only: a control measure refers to action which can be taken to achieve compatibility for the specific land use or activity. The control measure should be permanent in nature and not be readily removable or alterable by the future occupants. Control measures may include, but are not limited to, the following:
[ top ] DdBA means the A-weighted sound pressure level. dBAi means the A-weighted sound pressure level of an impulsive sound measured with a sound level meter set to "impulse" response. Decibel is the common measure of sound level or sound pressure level. It is the term to identify 10 times the common logarithm of the ratio of two like quantities proportional to power or energy. The “decibel” is a dimensionless measure of sound level or sound pressure level; see sound pressure level. [ top ] EEngineer or Consulting Engineer (Structural) For the purpose of this document, in connection with the design of Noise/Sound Barriers, shall mean the Professional Engineer or the Engineering firm licensed by the Professional Engineers of Ontario (PEO) which is engaged by the Supplier and/or project proponent to design and certify the noise barrier system. The Engineer shall have documented experience in the design, construction and review of Structural Engineering Projects as required and in accordance with the Guidelines for Professional Engineering Services prepared by the Professional Engineers of Ontario. Environmental Noise is noise transmitted through the outdoor environment as opposed to noise generated and contained within buildings. In the context of the ENCG, environmental noise pertains to transportation and/or stationary source noise Equivalent Sound Pressure Level denoted Leq is the level of a steady sound having the same time integral of the squared sound pressure, in the measurement interval, as the observed sound. [ top ] FFirst Row Receiver is a term used to define all those receivers (or receptors) adjacent to a City transportation corridor where sound level differences are imperceptible (within 3 dBA) from the noisiest receiver. Frequency (Pitch) is the number of complete oscillations (or cycles) per second of a periodically varying quantity (e.g. pressure, displacement, ….). The unit is the Hertz (Hz). [ top ] GGeotechnical Engineer is a Professional Engineer (P. Eng.) licensed by the Professional Engineers of Ontario (PEO) to practice in the Province of Ontario, with demonstrated expertise in the field of geotechnical engineering as defined by the PEO Guidelines for Professional Engineers Providing Geotechnical Engineering Services. [ top ] IImpulsive Sound (MOE definition) An “impulsive sound” is a single pressure pulse or a single burst of pressure pulses, as defined by IEC 179A, First supplement to IEC 179, Sections 3.1 and 3.2. Indoor Sound Level is an estimated/calculated sound level in the central part of a room. [ top ] LLeq – The Logarithmic Energy Equivalent Continuous Sound Level is the constant sound level over the time period in question, that results in the same total sound energy as the actually varying sound. It must be associated with a time period. Leq is a measure of total sound energy dose over a specified time period. Leq (T): Leq (16 hours), Leq (8 hours), Leq (1 hour) means the A-weighted level of a steady sound carrying the same total energy in the time period T as the observed fluctuating sound. The time period T is given in brackets. L90 The Background One Hour Ninetieth Percentile Sound Level; i.e. the sound level exceeded more than 90% of the time (1 hr. in this case). Logarithmic Mean Impulse Sound Level sometimes denoted LLM, of n impulsive sounds, is ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the arithmetic mean of ten to the power of one tenth the impulse sound level of each impulsive sound. [ top ] MMature State of Development is the future build-out of development to the ultimate population and traffic capacity forecasts corresponding to the Official Plan of the City. [ top ] NNoise is defined as any unwanted sound. Noise Attenuation Feature: is any feature or combination of features. such as noise abatement walls, earth berms, building configuration, building materials, etc. (not intended to be a complete list) which provide a reduction in noise level for noise sensitive outdoor living areas. Noise Barrier is a physical structure planned or otherwise, which is located between a noise source and a noise sensitive receptor and effects a reduction in sound level transmission from the source to the receptor. Noise barriers, in general, include walls, berms or combinations thereof, buildings, natural or deliberately created land features, etc. Noise Exposure Forecast (NEF) The NEF descriptor reflects the sound levels produced by all types of aircraft at an airport, taking into consideration the number of flights, the duration of the noise, the time of day and the frequency components of the sound (pure tones). The NEF contours around airports in general, are developed from 25 NEF to 40 or 45 NEF based on predictions up to 10 years. Noise Exposure Projection (NEP) The NEP descriptor is essentially similar to the NEF descriptor except it provides a long-term projection beyond 10 years; if the data is available. Noise Reduction (NR) is the difference in sound level between two adjacent spaces. Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) is a single-number rating of the sound-absorptive property of a material. It is calculated as the average of the sound-absorption coefficients, measured in accordance with ASTM Test Method C423, at 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz, and rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.05. Noise Sensitive Areas (NSA)/Land Use: These are any outdoor living areas associated with residential/institutional buildings. The following land uses, with OLA's associated with them would qualify as NSA's: private homes such as single family residences; townhouses; multiple unit buildings such as apartments with OLA's for use by all occupants; hospitals or nursing homes where there are OLA's for the patients. Noise Sensitive Land Use means a land use that is sensitive to noise, whether inside and/or outside the property and that must be planned and/or designed using appropriate land use compatibility principles. Examples of sensitive land uses:
In general, a noise-sensitive land use could be any type of land use where environmental noise is likely to cause an adverse effect or material discomfort whether inside or outside of a building. Noise/Sound Barrier System as referred to in this document, refers to the noise barrier as a system which includes the panels, posts, foundation, methods of design and construction details, finish and all other components as approved by the City for inclusion in the City’s List of Approved Suppliers. Noise/Sound Barrier Walls are free standing walls/structures made of concrete, wood, metal, vinyl or composite walls installed for the purpose of reducing the noise levels on adjacent properties. [ top ] OOfficial Plan (OP) means the approved Official Plan of the City. Official Plan Amendment (OPA) means an approved amendment of part(s) of the Official Plan of the City. ORTEP The Ottawa Rapid Transit Expansion Program is a transit corridor implementation strategy developed in 2003 to integrate Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in the City of Ottawa. Outdoor Living Area (OLA) is the part of an outdoor amenity area provided for the quiet enjoyment of the outdoor environment. The OLA is typically a backyard area at ground level accommodating outdoor living activities. For sound level calculation purposes, the usual distance from the dwelling unit wall is 3 m. The vertical height is 1.5 metres above the existing corridor surface. Where unknown, the side closest to the source of noise should be assumed. Paved areas for multiple dwelling residential units may not be defined as an OLA. The OLA may include private areas used by individual dwelling occupants or “common” areas used by multi-tenant dwelling occupants. OLA is also the part of an outdoor area easily accessible from the building and designed for the quiet enjoyment of the outdoor environment. Outdoor Living Areas include, but are not limited to, the following:
[ top ] PPanel The panel component of a noise barrier is that portion which, when joined together, produces a solid wall. In most cases, the panels span the distance between supports. Point of Reception means any point on the premises of a person where sound or vibration originating from other than those premises is received. For the purposes of noise impact assessment in the plane of a bedroom window, the point of assessment is typically 4.5 m above ground unless the dwelling is a multi-storey building. The point of reception is commonly used for assessment of stationary sources of noise Posts Are usually considered as vertical supports for the noise barrier panels. Principle Main Railway Line refers to a train line, with train volume generally exceeding 10 trains per day with 3 or 4 power units per train at speeds frequently exceeding 80 km/hr. The railway authority should be consulted on a case-by-case basis. [ top ] RRoadway includes a common public roadway, street, avenue, parkway, driveway or part of a roadway on a bridge or trestle which is intended for or used by the general public for the passage of vehicles and includes the area between the lateral property lines thereof. Rural Area Where the sound environment is dominated by the sounds of nature and road traffic, if any, is infrequent. [ top ] SSADT “Summer Average Daily Traffic”; defined as the average twenty-four hour, two-way traffic for the period 1 July to 31 August, including weekends. Secondary Main Railway Line refers to a train line, with train volume generally exceeding 5 trains per day with 1 or 2 power units per train at speeds frequently exceeding 80 km/hr. The railway authority should be consulted on a case-by-case basis. Sound is a fluctuation in pressure, particle displacement or particle velocity propagated in any medium; or the auditory sensation that may be produced by it. Sound (Pressure) Level is the logarithmic ratio of the instantaneous energy of a sound to the energy at the threshold of hearing. It is measured in decibels (dB) Sound Level is the A-weighted sound pressure level in dBA. Sound Pressure is the difference between instantaneous pressure at a point in a medium during the passage of an acoustic disturbance and the prevailing pressure at the same point in the absence of that disturbance (The medium of interest is generally the atmosphere). Sound Pressure Level (Lp) is 10 times the common logarithm of the ratio of the mean square pressure of a sound to the square of the reference pressure of 20 micro Pascal. Thus, the sound pressure level is expressed in decibels. Sound Transmission Class (STC) is a single-number rating of the capacity of a structure to prevent sound from reaching a receiving location. It is calculated in accordance with ASTM Classification E413 using values of sound-transmission loss measured in accordance with ASTM Test Method E90. It provides an estimate of the performance of a partition in dealing with certain common sound insulation problems. Stationary Source of Noise Stationary sources of noise are defined as all sources of sound and vibration, whether fixed or mobile, that exist or operate on a premises, property or facility, the combined sound and vibration levels of which are emitted beyond the property boundary of the premises, property or facility, unless the source(s) is (are) due to construction. Stationary source noise can be generated by individual sources or multiple sources. Individual noise sources include, but are not limited to, generators, fans or commercial air conditioners. Facilities usually comprise multiple sources of noise and are considered as a single stationary source of noise for purposes of noise study, assessment and mitigation. Facilities that are considered as stationary sources of noise include, for example, industrial facilities, car dealerships, motor vehicle maintenance and repair facilities, snow disposal sites, car washes, motor vehicle racing facilities and transit terminals. Sources of noise excluded from the definition of stationary sources, in accordance with MOE guidelines include: construction activities, gas stations, music and people noise and retail facilities such as convenience stores where goods are delivered infrequently. Supplier Refers to the manufacturer of the noise barriers/noise barrier system and/or its representative responsible for making the necessary technical submissions to the City as well as the supply of the noise barrier system components. [ top ] TTime Periods (MOE predefined time periods ) "Day-time" is the 16-hour period between 07:00 and 23:00 hours. "Evening" is the 4-hour period between 19:00 and 23:00 hours. "Night-time"is the 8-hour period between 23:00 and 07:00 hours. Transitway is defined as a roadway designed for the exclusive use by buses and other authorized vehicles. [ top ] UUrban Area Where the sound environment is dominated by human activities. [ top ] VVibration is a temporal and spatial oscillation of displacement, velocity or acceleration in a solid medium. [ top ] WWarning Clause (Or "environmental warning/restriction") means a notification of or obligation to notify a potential purchaser of some environmental concern; in this case the concern is potential annoyance due a source of noise (Its application is not intended for stationary sources of noise). [ top ] |
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